冲击作用下HMX晶体孔洞塌缩热点生成机制的细观数值模拟

热点的形成、点火以及成长过程是理解非均匀炸药冲击起爆的关键.采用离散元法,对冲击作用下含孔洞的HMX晶体进行了细观数值模拟.计算结果表明:在较低冲击作用下,孔洞边缘发生了较大的剪切变形,粘塑性功形成热点;而在较高冲击作用下,孔洞塌缩产生射流,汇聚流动,冲击下游炸药形成热点,并获得了孔洞塌缩和热点生成演化的细观过程.     

主喷管叶片中热壁面对分流管道流场特性的影响

 连续波化学激光器运转时,位于主喷管叶片内的副气流的分流管道壁面将被主喷管叶片加热而形成热壁面。通过3维的数值模拟,分析了单端、双端不同供气方式下,热壁面对分流管道流场特性的影响。热壁面将使总管气流总温沿着气流的流动方向逐渐升高,由此引起的支管入口总温的升高会降低支管的流量。无论是单端供气,还是双端供气,热壁面引起的管道流量波动幅度都要远大于绝热壁面的情况,最大波动幅度达2.16%。对进入总管的气流预热,适当增加供气总温,或将冷却管道与供气管道分开设计,气流总温变化引起的流量波动将会得到一定地抑制。     

双荧光层靶Kα线强度比诊断靶内超热电子温度

 利用双荧光层复合靶产生的Kα特征线强度比诊断了靶内超热电子的温度,即通过实验测量复合靶中两种不同材料荧光层辐射出的Kα特征线强度比,结合ITS3.0程序模拟结果,对超热电子温度进行诊断。将诊断结果与实验中利用电子磁谱仪测量的超热电子温度进行了比较,二者基本一致。结果表明,选取适当的荧光层靶厚,可以利用双荧光层复合靶产生的Kα特征线强度比对靶内的超热电子温度进行诊断。     

超重核合成进展

介绍了超重核合成的历史和现状 ,对现有的超重核合成的实验情况和理论模型做了评述 ,指出了在国内利用现有设备和放射性核束装置开展超重核合成可能的方案     

新型高效太阳能电池研究进展

第三代太阳能电池以超高效率、薄膜化、低成本为主要目标,目前发展起来的有多结叠层太阳能电池、中间带太阳能电池、多激子产生太阳能电池、热载流子太阳能电池和热光伏太阳能电池等.文章简要介绍了以上几种新型太阳能电池的工作原理和最新进展,并对其发展前景作了分析和预测.     

Effect of hot ion temperature on obliquely propagating ion-acoustic solitons and double layers in an auroral plasma

Properties of obliquely propagating ion-acoustic solitons and double layers in a magnetized auroral plasma composed of hot adiabatic ions and two types of, cool and hot Maxwellian electrons are studied using Sagdeev pseudo-potential technique and assuming the quasi-neutrality condition. The new and surprising result which emerges from the model is that in contrast to the case of cold ions where ion-acoustic solitons and double layers are found for subsonic Mach numbers only, the hot ions case allows these nonlinear structures to exist for both subsonic and supersonic Mach number regimes. The double layers exist at lower angle of propagation as hot ion temperature is increased. The soliton electric field amplitudes are increased but their width and pulse duration are decreased with the increase in hot ion temperature. For the auroral zone parameters, the maximum electric field amplitude, width, pulse duration and speed for the solitons come out to be in the range ∼ (0.3–15) mV/m, ∼ (195–455) m, (7–20) ms and (22–26) km/s, respectively. The results seem to be in agreement with the Viking satellite observations in the auroral zone.     

On the relative impact of subgrid‐scale modelling and conjugate heat transfer in LES of hot jets in cross‐flow over cold plates

This work describes numerical simulations of a hot jet in cross‐flow with applications to anti‐ice systems of aircraft engine nacelles. Numerical results are compared with experimental measurements obtained at ONERA to evaluate the performances of LES in this industrial context. The combination of complex geometries requiring unstructured meshes and high Reynolds number does not allow the resolution of boundary layers so that wall models must be employed. In this framework, the relative influence of subgrid‐scale modelling and conjugate heat transfer in LESs of aerothermal flows is evaluated. After a general overview of the transverse jet simulation results, a LES coupled with a heat transfer solver in the walls is used to show that thermal boundary conditions at the wall have more influence on the results than subgrid scale models. Coupling fluid flow and heat transfer in solids simulations is the only method to specify their respective thermal boundary conditions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

半导体冰箱冷热端散热条件实验研究

半导体制冷器件是一种高热流密度元件,在红外测量、低温超导、生物医学、空间技术等领域有重要的应用,还可开发成专用制冷装置,适用于野外施工、勘探,考古以及郊游等户外活动食品饮料的保鲜,也可用于食品、饮料及医用疫苗等的冷藏。在给定工况下,通过改善半导体器件的冷热端散热条件,可使系统制冷量和制冷性能系数大幅提高。本文设计了实验装置,特别设计了8种实验工况对采用强迫对流换热和热端采用热管换热器散热的实际半导体制冷装置进行了实验分析,提出了改善半导体制冷元件散热条件的具体措施。     

热核的热稳定曲线

从核极限温度的角度研究了热核的热稳定性.采用Skyrme相互作用力计算热核同位素的极限温度,得到的极限温度的同位素分布呈现出倒置抛物线的趋势,与中能重离子反应多重碎裂中同位素产额分布的实验结果具有一致的行为表现.系统地计算了从轻到重的一系列元素极限温度的同位素分布,并从中抽取出热核的热稳定曲线.与β稳定线相比,热核的热稳定线更加偏丰中子.